Stevens Johnson Syndrome Causes

Erythema multiforme is a type of allergic reaction (hypersensitivity) that occurs in response to medications, illness or infections. Medications associated with erythema multiforme include barbiturates, penicillin, sulfonamides, and phenytoin. Infections associated with Stevens Johnson Syndrome include herpes simplex and mycoplasma infections.

The exact cause is unknown. The disorder is believed to involve damage to the blood vessels of the skin with subsequent damage to skin tissues. Approximately 90% of erythema multiforme cases are associated with herpes simplex or mycoplasma infections. The disorder occurs primarily in children and young adults.

Complications from Stevens Johnson Syndrome:

• Permanent scarring and skin damage
• Occasionally, lesions on internal organs causing:
  • Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart)
  • Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
  • Nephritis (inflammation of the kidney)
  • Pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs)
• Loss of body fluids, shock
• Secondary skin infection (cellulitis)
• Systemic infection, sepsis